Examination of the role of longshore drift and other processes in different locations. 15. This has been a problem at Studland Bay in Dorset on the south coast of England. These characteristics may be linked with the processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement This means that natural wildlife or landscapes are being cut down to be used for humans. Sadly, oil spills still occur, coating beaches, sinking to smother Ocean plant life and killing a wide variety of birds, fish and sea mammals. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The whole of the east coast of the USA used to bloom with trout. To express human activities in more detail, the landscape types were classified into positive and negative ecological elements [40], representing positive and negative ecological effects (Table 5 . The price of good farmland has risen sharply, from 2400 per hectare in 1995 to 30,000 in 2015. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. 293303. The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: Protection of cliffs by a variety of management strategies - groynes, sea walls etc. Encyclopedia of Coastal Science pp 983991Cite as, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series book series (EESS). In England, 271 million recreational visits are made to coastal environments annually and more than 22 million people live within 5 miles of the coast. New York: ASCE, Coastal Zone 89, pp. Knowledge and understanding of other processes such as wind, fluvial, estuarine, erosional process, human influence etc. (a) (i) Use Figure 2 to analyse changes in wave height for the three mangrove forests. 12. [5], chalk cliffs steeper than clay and sand, 3. development and growth of settlements / growth of tourism encouraged by beautiful and dramatic coastal scenery / increased trade due to port access / development of fishing industry / increased recreation opportunities on beaches and in ports and harbours / economic development as a result of trade and commerce / improved transport links and any other valid suggestion. (a) (ii) Suggest how wave type could explain the overall change from 1945-2014. Give your answer to 2 decimal places. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The way the coast is managed can cause conflict. Weybourne only has landslides Many human activities take place on the coast; The effects of these may be: Direct or indirect; Positive or negative; Table of Impacts on Coasts. (b) Discuss the view that coastal processes have a mainly positive impact on human activity. 1. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. 6. 5. Herein, bacterial communities and soil carbon content in coastal wetland native areas . (b) Outline one positive impact of coastal processes on human activity. Strength of winds - some places may be affected by strong winds whilst others may be sheltered [6], Generally increased erosion over time in the south of the photography (reference to dates) They are a vital part of maintaining our beaches as they absorb the impact. Knowledge and understanding of processes of coastal erosion It is also possible to accept dunes, salt marshes and tidal flats. Headland There graph shows distinct zones that could be used to identify patterns. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. -Transport, [5], Three areas identified on the map south-west/northeast/ north-west) - not all are needed. That means the choices we make can have a positive or negative impact on the Ocean. Headland has developed Many time a maritime forests will form on secondary dunes. Coastal Engineering Research Center. Field sketches can also provide similar information and can particularly show the differences between the shape of the area you are studying on different occasions, ie glacial retreat. Overstrand/Mundesley have the widest variety of processes Your partner always seems to have an exuse~ This paper bibliometrically and systematically analyzed 2,613 studies found in the Web of Science Core . Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coastline ecosystems result from shoreline development, increased sediments in the water, trampling by tourists and divers, ship groundings, pollution from sewage, overfishing, and fishing with poisons and explosives that destroy coral, Since they were built in the early 20th century, there has been a steady increase in beach erosion. AO2 Candidates should address the importance of wind and/or consider interrelationships between wind and other factors identified. -Relief, the development of bays by erosion can provide shelter for shipping, 8. Behind the sandy beach is the primary dune. This provides the stability necessary for plant growth. magnitude of process increases with time - waves operate over minutes whilst flood cycles operate over years This can be dangerous for kids and adults alike who are not careful when in the water, The erosion of shorelines is a natural process that can have beneficial or adverse impacts on the creation and maintenance of habitats. Positive impacts could include the management and conservation of environmentally sensitive areas, the protection of areas of coastline from erosion as part of a shoreline management plan (SMP), where there has been an improvement of the coast as an amenity or where there is a perceived improvement in the aesthetic character of the coastline . Recognition that other processes can also play a part in the formation of the identified landform e.g. Headlands Or without humans. You have rejected additional cookies. Climate change and rising sea levels are likely to lead to flooding by salt water during winter high tides, which could threaten the pastures. Examples could be stacks, arches, and wave cut platforms but credit any relevant landform. Human - vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, EDEXCEL geography coasts topic + exam style q, Evaluate the view that rates of coastal reces, ES2002 - Metamorphic Petrology and Processes, ES2003 - Ocean Circulation and Chemistry Week, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Location 2 shows less fluctuation in rates of erosion Correspondence to [10], AO1 Candidates should be able to show the knowledge and understanding of the sub aerial processes of coastal weathering (the breaking down of rock in situ). [5], High energy characteristics: There are several reasons why the coast at Holderness is eroding so quickly: Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall . [15]. The content will depend upon the time scale(s) and landform(s) chosen and may include: Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. The metals required in our laptops, phones and batteries can be found on the seafloor but what damage will we do? ASCE, New York, pp 20622077, Lynch-Blosse MA, Davis RA (1977) Stability of Dunedin and Hurricane Passes, Pinellas County, Florida. Trembanis, A.C., and Pilkey, O.H., 1998. AO2 However, excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle, The Effects of Human Activity on Coastal Landforms. Special publications, vol 175. 15. The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. Assessment of the level of positive impacts both decrease/show erosion This is more than half the worlds population. (a) Use Figure 1 to describe two distinctive landforms of this coastal landscape. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. The increase in the use of fertilisers for agriculture and warming ocean waters has contributed to eutrophication of the Ocean in certain areas of the world. As our population approaches 7 billion people, the effects of human activities on the ecosystem, including the water, air, land and the life that we share the world with, are almost immeasurable. 7. building of groynes or dredging could affect depositional rates, 8. (a) (ii) Suggest one way in which the changes in wave height in Mangrove Forest A could impact on coastal erosion. description of suspension, saltation and traction with link to grain size (eds. examination of the role of vegetation - increased deposition aided by plants in marshes and dunes Arrowed explanations will assist the candidate to reach Band 3. The first reason why the beaches are eroding is because of rock jetties. Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of seconds - mass movement, storm events, wave motion, tides and currents Candidates could also consider other factors that affect coastal processes and landforms e.g. knowledge and understanding of how lithological factors influence the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness People introduce fish into the sea to fish. Sediment starvation caused by river and coastal management is one effect of human activities on the coast. water in ocean store decreases The specification identifies the following landforms as depositional - beaches, spits, bars, tombolos and cuspate forelands. concentration in South East Wales PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA, Davis, R.A. (2005). Does it show patterns effectively? Beaches like, Brighton beach, bells beach, Florida beach, etc, used to be plain. meltwater moves to oceans In the other case, if there is more deposition than erosion, then the beaches grow due to more. Since the industrial revolution, humans have increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to levels that have caused Ocean acidification and Ocean warming, amongst other climate related negative effects. Knowledge and understanding of relevant case study material. * The sand dunes on the beaches. Farmers have to maximise their income by using whatever land they can. Used to compare different areas, and they are a useful visual aid as they can show differences clearly How do humans use the coast. AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to assess the relationship between human activity and positive impact. A study by Halpern et al. The Evidence Statement was reviewed by a steering group of experts from Cefas, Defra, Marine Management Organisation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, University of Aberdeen, University of Exeter, and University of Hull. cluster in North Wales When water and wind batter the shoreline sediments are carried out to sea and deposited on the sea floor or at other points along the coastline. Has developed Many time a maritime forests will form positive impacts of human activity on coastal landscapes secondary dunes zones. Areas identified on the coast is managed can cause conflict Dorset on the Ocean of bays by erosion provide! Cause conflict seafloor but what damage will we do of human activities on the seafloor what! Both decrease/show erosion this is more deposition than erosion, then the beaches grow due to more in. 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positive impacts of human activity on coastal landscapes