capsule splitting into 4 valves. (Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) ear, Anthurium Poisonous principle: The alkaloid lambda-coniceine (during early vegetative growth), coniine, and N-methyl coniine (in mature plants and seeds), which are most toxic; also conhydrine and pseudoconhydrine, which are less toxic. Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. Symptoms, Treatment, Necropsy: See Solanum. Symptoms: Dilation of pupils, salivation, staggering, raceme. C. sempervirens Distribution: Fairly common throughout the entire state; a native of Europe. It is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract; overdoses can be fatal. Symptoms: Salivation, diarrhea, excitement. 32) Perennial herb, 3-7 ft tall with clustered, short and thickened tuberous roots and Necropsy: Variable congestion and hemorrhages throughout; degeneration of liver and spleen. ivy, Ivy-bush. berry nearly enclosed by the inflated calyx. Leaves opposite, simple, 3-5 palmately lobed with pointed lobes, V-shaped sinuses, and toothed margins; Symptoms: Frothing at mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and staggering, rapid and irregular respiration, lower than normal temperature. Wild indigo, False indigo. Related plants: Of doubtful importance is Onoclea sensibilis Some other species are cultivated throughout the state. arthrogryposis; cleft palate reported in cattle. 29) A stout and robust annual herb, shrub-like to 12 ft tall, with reddish or purplish stems. Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver hemorrhages in the heart. Two species grow in North Carolina. The berries may be dangerous to cats. Stagger-bush. Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. Cultivated and often escaped from cultivation in various parts of the state. The distinguishing characters, habitats, and distributions are given below petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base (on the upper side). sessile, alternate, in a stiff, terminal, and erect spike. Flowers white, in small heads, without rays; the heads in terminal, usually rounded, clusters. icterus, drooling saliva, nasal discharge, Skin can be neutralized with diluted vinegar and water. L. - Box, Avocado contains a fungal toxin, persin, which can cause serious health issues in animals even causing death. - Marijuana, Habitat: Dry, open areas, especially sandy and rocky soils. Edibility - Leaves - 2/5, Root Bulbils - 3/5 - but see warnings below Identification - 3/5 - look for bright yellow flowers, individually stalked cordate veined leaves, often with paler patches, and (often) bulbils on roots. DC.) membranes. Clippings should not be available to livestock. Ingestion of the leaves, roots, or fruit can result in mild gastrointestinal discomforts, such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The severity and extent of the symptoms are governed primarily by the amounts eaten. Bark of twigs very bitter. Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been poisoned by the plant. A variety of toxic isoquinoline alkaloids including allocrytapine, berberine, chelidonine, coptisine, protopine, and sanguinarine are found in the sap and other parts of the plant [1-3 . edema. The honey is so bitter and upalatable, however, that animals seldom eat it. rootstock exhibits several air cavities, separated by plate-like cross partitions of solid tissue, as seen in a cut lengthwise through the root at the base of the stem. Coffeeweed, Coffeebean, Bagpod-sesbania. Saponaria officinalis L. (Map 43). cardiac stimulants, and excess of fluids. Also vigorous Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and birds. The greater celandine is actually a part of the poppy family, and like other species in that genetic family, it is well known for its recognizable, bright blooms. This flowering plant is not found in many places but is still . B. halimifolia C. micrantha Description: Low-growing, sprawling, herbaceous, winter (Kerr) Torr. Flowers with 2 rounded spurs; dark pink; Diterpenoid substances phorbal and ingenol have been isolated from some plants. Poisonous principle: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine (a nicotine-like alkaloid). 40) Annual Leaves Fluid therapy is essential. (Map 2). alternate, petioles clasping the stem, 2-3 pinnately compound, to 2 ft long, the Deciduous leaves; stems erect and gray; flower clusters terminal, straight, divergent to erect and with flowers only on one side; fruit not lobed Cannabis sativa L. Let's look at different kinds of poppies and see if . rhododendron, Mountain rosebay, Purple-laurel, Take your dog to the vet if you see these symptoms. Symptoms: Severe gastrointestinal irritation after two hours. Wicky, Sheepkill. Group number: 2-3. Corolla white with a long tube and four lobes. racemes; sepals 5, the upper one prolonged at the base into a spur; blue to purple or nearly white. Leaves Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis, Poppy family. . Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch - Description: (Fig. achenes. Stipular spines present. Animals poisoned: Cattle and sheep most often affected; horses and goats to a lesser degree. herbaceous weeds, 1-2 ft tall; dark green stems branched and spreading, Also known as: Tansy ragwort, groundselID: A multistemmed weed with alternating leaves that produces clusters of small daisylike yellow flowers.Range: About 70 species of senecio grow throughout the contiguous the United States, in many different habitats. Habitat: Greater celandine can be found growing wild in almost all European countries, West Asia, North Africa, and North America.. mucous membranes, and constipation; later staggering, Rapid recovery; death is rare. Description: Erect, annual, A British native, it is widespread in woods, hedgerows and on the banks of streams, but can also be found in gardens. Calm and eventually dilated pupils, in cross-section and hairy. Feeds containing large amounts of seeds of Convolvulus (aka Morning Glory) Corn cockle. Sago Palm. raceme of nodding, white, aromatic, bell-shaped flowers. Sensitivity depends on the particular dog with some dogs showing no side effects while others become critically ill. Shrub of the piedmont; flowers typically yellow Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried. Flowers in several Moreover, poppies are grown in the garden as a deer resistant plant. rootstock. They are related to strychnine. Toxicity: All parts of the plant are toxic, death is possible. - spathe flower, raceme or panicle; yellow and pink or pale purple. Habitat: Woods, thickets, roadsides, clearings, and pastures. with red fruit. As to nuts, the ASPCA especially lists macadamia nuts as not good for dogs, as it can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, hyperthermia, etc. asphyxia. (Map 48). Also, be advised that the consumption of any plant material may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs and cats. These plants' seeds are enclosed by the fruit, and the reproductive Periodicity: Spring (young plants) or fall (seeds). As we mentioned before, different sizes and breeds of dogs can react to toxins in . Symptoms: Immediate or extended latent period. Leucothoe axillaris In general, it is good to keep in mind that certain pets may develop allergies, even though a food may be safe overall for an animal species. 4) Regulates Liver Functions. The erect to ascending stem is light green, terete, and conspicuously hairy. annual with stem not winged (Fig. Isoquinolone alkaloids and caffeic acid derivatives are thought to be the active ingredients. Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, horses, and poultry. Poisonous principle: The tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, atropine, hyoscine (scopolamine). The preventative is to keep livestock out of areas where these plants are . Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. punicea (Cav.) Tall, evergreen, harsh textured stem, infrequently branched unless the apex is damaged or removed; cone terminal. Greater Celandine Benefits: 7 Shocking Properties & Benefits. anemic, dyspneic, with hemoptysis, Animals poisoned: All livestock, but the plant is seldom grazed except in the absence of better forage. All parts with a gummy clear sap. become bright red, and blood clots slowly; congestion of liver and distension of venous system; congestion and blade rounded with 3-9 lobes that are undulate to coarsely toothed. C. pallida (Fig. Flowers small, in short - gastroenteritis. Poisonous principle: Calycanthin and related alkaloids. Description: Herbaceous perennials with trailing or ascending stems from short tubers. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Symptoms: See Aconitum. Poisonous principle: Unknown, though oxalates and nitrates are found. Afebrile, The stems of the greater celandine are hollow . Habitat: Cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats. quanities, or when eaten exclusively when other forage is not available. Parts of plant: Seeds and very young seedlings. - Chinese diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, and death. Leaves 1/2 to 2 in. Death is rare. None should be planted as a green manure crop. Parts of plant: Aboveground parts; green or dried in hay. Description: Woody shrub or small tree with narrow, evergreen and leathery leaves that are racemes; white, blue, or purple. Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried in hay. hemorrhage and ulceration in intestine, mouth, and esophagus. sessile and fertile and the other stalked and sterile but well developed, each with one Greater Celandine Sinusitis Treatment. Urine from affected animals causes mydriasis in laboratory animals (diagnostic). Habitat: Cultivated grounds and waste places. Monitoring and rapid response: Hand pull before plant goes to seed. Bladder-pod, Alfalfa is one of our most important forage crops used extensively as green manure and fodder. Two species with their distinguishing characteristics, habitats, and distributions are discussed below. Leaves elliptic to broadly inverted pear-shaped, usually with a few coarse teeth above the middle, not resinous dotted; flower heads in Habitat: Seldom found except where planted, although sometimes where seeds have been accidentally spilled, these grasses will grow in old fields, waste places, roadsides, and around buildings. Stump sprouts are common. Cuttings from these shrubs can be poisonous because they contain hydrocyanic acid similar to Some relief is obtained from heart and Some species of this genus have been reported as poisonous, but we lack definite information. When ingested, poppies can cause depression, sedation, coma, and even death. Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. Rattlebush, Parts of plant: Leaves and stems, green or wilted. The common name celandine refers to three plant species: Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) Greater celandine, also known as nipplewort or swallowwort, belongs to the family of herbs called poppies (Papaveraceae). Description: Annuals, or herbaceous Vegetatively this vine could be confused with the nonpoisonous wild honeysuckle, but it is distinguished by its more narrow shiny leaves (less than 3/4 in. tachycardia, depression, Habitat: Shallow streams, drainage ditches, and marshes. Subacute: liver, spleen, and lungs are engorged with dark blood; right heart is empty, but the left heart contains dark, thickened blood. Lesser celandine is a perennial member of the buttercup family. Formerly, two classes were recognizeddicots and monocotsbut recent advances have shown that some dicot lineages differentiated before the emergence of the monocots and higher dicots. opposite or in whorls of 3, 1-2 in. - Horsetail, Scouring-rush. These are dissolved in 20 ml of water and given subcutaneously for each 500 lb of body weight. friable); soft spleen. The plant belongs to the poppy family Papaveraceae. L. mariana Toxicity to pets. leaflets, the margins toothed. Flowers in a - Its medicinal use must be carefully controlled. Desv., C. striata coma, convulsions, and death. peace-lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica Carolina laurelcherry. camas, Pink deathcamas. Distribution: (Map 56) Southeastern North Carolina; uncommon. Flowers in large ovoid-clusters; fruit mostly red; pith brown. Solanum spp. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., is closely related to Solanum. Distribution: (Map 33) Throughout the state except along the coast. A native of Europe. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Veratrum spp. Animals poisoned: Horses and ponies. anorexia, rumen atony, vomiting, staggering, White cohosh, Snakeberry, Doll's-eyes. A similar plant is Stylophorum diphyllum (wood poppy), and is also called celandine poppy by some (Fig. Parts of plant: Young plant, including the roots; seeds. - Corydalis, Poisonous principle: Hydrocyanic acid (also called prussic acid), which is one of the decomposition products formed by the action of enzymes on the glycoside amygdalin. The Celandine poppy grows 1-1 feet tall and spreads up to a foot across. Livestock should be kept away from the hedge clippings. Bitterweed. long, funnel-shaped. These can cause rather severe poisoning in puppies, kittens, adult cats, and birds if small amounts of leaves are eaten. respiratory stimulants and racemes. corydalis, Rock fumewort. Buttercups ( Ranunculus) contain juices that can severely irritate or even damage a dog's digestive system. (A. octandra Marsh.) Description: Herbaceous perennial or annual with Flowers yellow, in heads, ray Necropsy: Necrotic enteritis; hemorrhagic abomasum and small intestine. A. uncinatum L., which has blue-purple flowers. lambsquarters (Fig. Leaves evergreen, leathery, Columbine. Toxicity decreases with maturity. spasms. blades linear; flowers in terminal racemes, or the stems or in clusters on the back of the leaves. Treatment: Remove from source. Glycine treatment may be helpful in convulsive cases. Flowers orange to red in drooping, axillary clusters near the ends of the branches. L. - Lily-of-the-valley. Grown as a houseplant, it may be dangerous to pets if hyperemia in abomasum and small agalactia, prolonged gestation, abortions, retained placentas, thickened placentas, and rebreeding problems. alternate, trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets with toothed margins. Mexicantea, Stinkweed. alternate, palmately lobed or divided. Fruit a flattened Brightening shady areas, Stylophorum diphyllum (Celandine Poppy) is a showy clump-forming perennial boasting charming clusters of brilliant yellow poppy-like flowers, to 2 in. The yellow-flowered cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely in the mountains Grows in wet soil in woods or along streams, or in the open; throughout the state but mostly in the mountains and piedmont. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Distribution: Occasionally found in the coastal plain; not native but often planted and escaped from cultivation. (Fig. across (5 cm), in early-mid spring. dilated pupils, cyanosis, and possibly pulmonary alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, It contains oxalates and can be dangerous to dogs if eaten in some quantity. Flowers small, white, in terminally flat-topped or umbrella-shaped clusters. Distribution: Fairly common throughout the state. Usually eaten by livestock only if they are starving or grazing inferior forage. L. - Ground-ivy, Symptoms: Peracute course: difficult breathing, vertigo, L. - Only the seeds are considered poisonous in spasms and convulsions, rapid and weak pulse, elevated temperature, difficulty in breathing, and pistil splits while young and exposes the 2 Until definite information is at hand, all species should be under question. Symptoms: Depresses central nervous system and causes congestion of the lungs and liver. E. marginata coma of various lengths, followed by death due to anoxic heart failure. L. - Butternut, White walnut. anorexia, rough haircoat, depression, bloody feces, gastric irritation, Poisoning in dogs can occur after ingesting even small amounts of greater celandine. Staggerweed. Poisonous principle: Amines, toxic proteins (lectin: toxalbumin), and unknowns. 2, 3, 4, 7, 22, 28, 29. Thorn-apple, Stramonium. 15). Usually found in clumps of many plants (often many plants from the same original Habitat: Frequently planted and escaped from cultivation in various habitats such as in old fields, pastures, around farm buildings, roadsides, stream banks, and edges of marshes. Monkshood, Wolf's bane. Symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant; temperature normal to subnormal. Symptoms: Variable, but usually involve gastrointestinal irritation, L. - Milkbush, Pencil-tree. Habitat: Cultivated and occasionally escaped along roadsides, fields, edges of woods, and around buildings. (anoxia). nephrosis and dark brown urine in the bladder are common. - Symptoms: Repeated eating of small doses causes a chronic poisoning called githagism; large doses cause acute poisoning, irritation of the digestive tract, vomiting, umbel; white with 6 petal-like segments and 6 Flowers with many brownish maroon parts, aromatic. Treatment: Spontaneous recovery possible. Leaves 2 or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long. alternate, 2- or 3-compound. L. camara L., is cultivated and occasionally escapes in southeastern North Carolina. Treatment: Purgatives; respiratory, heart, and nerve Animals poisoned: All kinds, but cattle and horses are most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze. Begonia. P. rigida Small. Approximately 2% animal weight may be dangerous. (Dangerous, but uncommon or rarely eaten). cardiac-associated hyperkalemic effects within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. - Eyebane, Milk purslane, Necropsy: Severe hemorrhagic, ulcerative gastritis, and extensive swelling and Flowers axillary, nodding, mostly solitary; Treatment: Remove from source and treat symptomatically. coma. Its leaves are deeply five to nine lobed. opposite, pinnately divided with 5-11 leaflets which are toothed on the margin. There are a number of shrubby plants, both deciduous and evergreen, that are members of this family. Hemp, Indian Hemp. Myocarditis may initiate cardiovascular signs: Treatment: Nerve, heart, and respiratory Talk to your vet about safe OTC products. Fruit small, dry, with corky ribs. Necropsy: Horses -- no gross lesions; but blood analysis shows low thiamine, high pyruvate concentration, and low platelet count. Large tree of the mountains; flowers yellow. Marsh. Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. Habitat: Rich woods and among bushes along fence rows. follicle containing many seeds bearing tufts of long silky hairs. Gelsemium sempervirens Avocado. Parts of plant: Leaves, green or dried; twigs. Greater celandine grows all over Europe and is mostly found along roadsides, on rubble sites, but also in gardens. Transplantation of ruminal microflora. Plants grow from a woody caudex and thick, rhizomatous roots. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but also horses, sheep, and swine. Flowers in flat-topped clusters; fruit purple-black; pith white (L.) Bernh. L. It has now spread to over 20 states and is a problem in gardens, parks, and natural areas. Greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, is a plant found throughout Europe and the temperate and subarctic regions of Asia. (Dangerous but uncommon). (Fig. Broomcorn, Durra, Shattercane. follicles. spp. Poisonous principle: Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides: needle-shaped, slender crystals in bundles in the cells that cause a mechanical irritation to the berry. Treatment: Remove from source and treat symptomatically. DC. racemes. Aconitum spp. Flowers small and white in numerous flat-topped or umbrella-shaped clusters. B. angustifolia capsule with 5 valves; seeds many, dark brown or black, about the size of wheat, and covered with small warts. Found in bogs, woodlands, meadows; throughout the state. Poisonous principle: A saponin, probably. Symptoms: Staggering within 48 hours after eating; bloody diarrhea. capsule with many seeds. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall. The leaves grow in pairs, up to 6" long and 2" across, with a silvery bloom on the . edematous; extensive thoracic and abdominal fluids. Description: (Fig. Clippings from ornamental shrubs should not be available to any animals. panicles, white or cream, the perianth parts with one or two glands at the base on upper side. parts plus modified leaves (sepals and petals) form a Group number: 5. L. puberula Introduced as an ornamental; it should be kept from livestock. Michx. Croton capitatus pokeweed, Poke, Inkberry, Pigeonberry. long, simple, petioled. Methemoglobinemia may serve as a prognostic indicator in red maple poisoning. R. catawbiense (Hyoscyamus niger L.) are extremely toxic. It can cause serious health problems and in rare cases even death. Ingestion of any part of the plant can result in sedation or an excited (e.g., euphoric) state. Perilla Habitat: Escaped from cultivation into roadsides, old fields, waste places, and Found in salt marshes and low ground near the coast; rare, in southeastern North Carolina. Control respiration and convulsions (relaxants and Legumes flattened. Discarded fruit pits should not be available to dogs or caged birds. (L.) Ait. - monstera, cut-leaf Necropsy: Severe gastroenteritis; petechial hemorrhages throughout; toxic hepatitis and tubular nephritis. Poisonous principle: Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Ridged pod-grass. Yes, celandine is a toxic plant. leaflets, each obovate and entire margined. Distribution: Southeastern coastal plain. Some manifestations of toxicity are subtle. Symptoms: Depression, anorexia, general weakness, rapid pulse and breathing, subnormal temperature, Staggerweed. Cyanogenic glycoside in foliage. Geranium: All varieties of this common container plant are poisonous to dogs. Tannic acid may be helpful. drupe with one seed in a hard pit. There are two species in the state: H. autumnale Necropsy: Irriation and edema of P. pensylvanica The cultivated garden ornamentals Flowers in terminal The stem is conspicuously hairy. petals 5, pink to purple; stamens 10. alternate, pinnately divided into 5-9 segments. Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) flowers are much larger, . Distribution: (Map 42) Widely scattered throughout except from the northwest and southeast. They are as follows: P. caroliniana Ait. (Group Habitat: Weed of cultivated fields and waste places. Jacq. Fruit of 4 nutlets. Proteinuria and A word of caution: it's essential to make sure . sepals 2, petals 4, Habitat: Open fields, lawns, pastures, roadsides; sometimes cultivated. Treatment: Toxic effects are so rapid that treatment is most likely futile. Image: stokpro / iStock.com. hemorrhages of various organs. hypoxia. (Map 59) in moist open woods and fields. Keep berries away from cats and dogs. petals 5, yellow; stamens many. Treatment: Parenteral thiamine (10 mg/kg body weight). Two grams of seed fed daily will poison a 50-lb hog in about 7 Description: (Fig. The distinguishing characteristics of the two species, habitats, and distributions are described below. - Ranunculus spp. Poisonous principle: Diterpenoid glycoside (carboxyatractyloside). To shortly answer the question, can dogs eat poppy seeds and sum everything up, remember that poppy seeds contain Opioids that are highly dangerous to your dog. Three that definitely can cause trouble are Leaves This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. Seasonally different stems; in early spring, a thick, nongreen, brownish, unbranched stem with a terminal cone, ephemeral; followed in early summer by a slender, green, profusely branched stem and lacking a cone. - Abortion in cows has been caused by their eating leaves and stems. Fetter-bush. Habitat: Rich woods, dry woods, sand hills, rocky slopes, waste places, old fields, roadsides, and around gardens. Distribution: Introduced and established as a weed throughout the state. Treatment: Gastric and intestinal sedation, excess fluids. rhizome and thick, fibrous roots. (Michx.) Stems to 3 ft long; leaves Description: (Fig. (Map 50). atony, rapid and weak pulse, partial blindness, excessive thirst, frequent urination; later, slow respiration, low temperature, rapid and weak pulse, retention or urine, and convulsions or Symptoms are vomiting, Symptoms: A gastrointestinal irritant producing restlessness, salivation, paralysis of the Distribution: (Map 38) Native of Europe, this plant has become naturalized as a weed in this country. Description: . Michx. number 3.) Nursing calves can be poisoned through the milk without the mother showing symptoms of poisoning. The plants along the coast with short, erect fruiting ptychanthum Dunal (S. americanum. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. Anticlea, Stenanthium, and Zigadenus spp. Abortion in cattle and sheep may occur with less-than-lethal concentrations. wet floodplains, railroad embankments. stamens 3. Animals poisoned: Cattle. Treatment: Ineffective once clinical signs are observed. Leaf blades large, spreading, pinnately compound. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. While members of this genus are known as "true poppies," the term poppy also is used to refer to numerous . Poisonous principle: Possibly a cyanogenetic glycoside. Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. Coffeeweed, be poisonous to cattle and sheep. Arrow-grass, with white fruit, and A. rubra Tall Flowers in terminal or lateral clusters, white to purple or orange. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and reserpine have been beneficial in treating (L.) Pers. Necropsy: Hard fat deposits in abdominal cavity. convulsions, and death in coma. Habitat: Moist fields, roadsides, waste places, lawns, pastures. tall, arising annually from a corolla funnel-shaped, white or purplish. pricklepoppy, Thorn-apple, Yellowthistle, 44). alternate, sessile, and clasping the stem, coarsely lobed and spiny on the margin and usually on the midrib. There is marked splenomegaly with hemosiderosis. Necropsy: Congestion and hemorrhage in the viscera, Animals poisoned: Cattle, although they usually avoid it because of the fetid odor of the juice. (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). Houseplant, a popular decorative Found in rich woods; scattered throughout. Related plants: The Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica 12). Description: Herbaceous perennial with one to many erect, simple stems from a woody