advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle

Milk production potential is moderate (20 lts/day), depending on feeding and management regime. Moi University Farm PO Box 30900-30100 Eldoret High milk production potential (25 lts/day) withmoderate butter fat content 4.3%. Essentially, one can get many of the benefits of two breeds of cattle in the first generation of a cross by using unrelated parent stock. Farm animals are very sensitive to inbreeding, and usually full-sibling matings should not be done because of a marked decrease in viability and fertility. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). More than 250 breeds of cattle are recognized throughout the World. They perform well under a wide range of systems and are well-known for their high feedconversionefficiency. Since then, the export of breeding stock from the islands has been a major agricultural enterprise. The unique qualities of Guernsey milk, especially flavour, have always been recognised. Performance of the first crosses will probably please most producers because 1) producers usually use their second favorite breed on their first favorite breed to produce that cross, and 2) first crosses display full hybrid vigor and tend to be uniform animals. Breeding within small populations, such as a herd, without introduction of new animals from outside (not related to the herd or flock), leads automatically to a certain amount of inbreeding. 2003. Advantages of Ayrshire Cattle: It produces high quality milk Efficient Forage Conversion Excellent Functional Type Health and freedom of disease and ailments Dairy breeds that exist in the United States today were formed by use of purebred bulls on a population of less specialized cattle that were clearly not purebred. Disadvantages: Its not clear if the Guernsey can take advantage of the movement to grass-based dairying, like Jerseys, nor is it known if changes in component pricing may return some of the market value to its milk. Interest in crossbreeding of plants and animals is nearly as old as the science of genetics, dating back to the early 1900s. To increase milk production in zebu cattle: This can be achieved by upgrading the Zebu breed with a proven exotic dairy breed (Jersey, Guernsey, Friesian) upto the fourth generation or the larger and more productive Boran or Sahiwal cow depending on disease pressure in your area. The breeder must also be able to match these characteristics to what the market demands. Its milk is rich in flavour, high in fat and protein, and has a golden-yellow tinge due to its high -carotene content. The composition of Guernsey milk is ideal for making cream, butter, cheese, and yogurt. Faith WebLook at the Advantages of the Guernsey. Instead, they seem to take it out on the other cattle in the pasture. 6. Russell, K. (1980). This effect is known as heterosis or hybrid vigor, and is the opposite of inbreeding. Guernseys live and produce longer. 8. Being accustomed to desert condition, it covers vast distances in search of grazing and water and in some areas is only watered on alternate days or on the third day. Advantages: Dogs 11. [4]:1 Cattle were brought to the island in the Middle Ages for draught work. The two races can cross breed, and the crosses can be very productive both in terms of growth rates for beef, improved milk production as well as diseaseresistance. Sahiwal bull Farms where they can be found include: The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. 2. Pets The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. [6], The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. The mixing of these two breeds is such that now many Friesians are 25% to 75% Holstein. Table 1 shows seven of the most promising breeds for crossbreeding programs. With proper information, dairy producers who consider crossbreeding can predict the probable performance of the crossbred animals produced by their program(s). Dairy Cattle Business Management and Dairy Farm Labor, Dairy Cattle Mastitis and Milking Management, Dairy Cattle Nutrition of Milking and Dry Dairy Cows. - Extremely docile and These advantages have been compromised by recent selective breeding strategies, 3. There was extensive trade between the Channel Islands and England, France, and the Netherlands, and cattle were part of this trade until the early 1800s. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. One or two crosses were more profitable than Holsteins across their lifetimes, but only marginally so. This breed is adapted to utilization of of poor quality pasture and rough terrain. 3. This is of real economic benefit to cheese plants, giving a firmer curd, increased volume and better cheese characteristics. 11. Friesians and their crossbreeds are predominant in Kenya particularly in Central Kenya and Central Rift Valley. The breed became a significant genetic foundation for the American dairy industry, contributing to the general mix of dairy cattle, as well as being used as a purebred. It traditionally had several other good qualities: it was long-lived, calved without difficulty, grazed well and being relatively small-sized was an efficient milk producer. Components fat and protein matter, as do health and fertility, calving ease, calf survival, longevity, and other functional traits. Poultry The most important advantage of conservation tillage systems is significantly less soil erosion due to wind and water. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Guernsey milk has been promoted under the trademark Golden Guernsey. Butter made from the milk is distinctively golden. [5], Exports of cattle and semen were for a while an important economic resource for the island, and in the early 20th century, a large number of Guernsey cattle were exported to the United States. They stay in the herd longer than any other dairy breed. Shorthorn cattle are well suited to all climates. [3]:192 The Guernsey produces rich and flavoursome milk. The problem arises when from in both parents the genetics for the same undesired traits are present Imagine that this trait is present in a particular bull, and that bull is very popular (because he also has some desirable trait, such as superior milk production in daughters). Purpose: Milk production.Average yield:22 litres/day and 6.3% butter fat.Average body size:Small - medium (350 Kg). They have a finely tuned temperament, not nervous or irritable. Golden milk, which actually indicates nutritional value but may deter some customers. Good beef conformation for the discerning consumer. A true Jersey will however always have a black nose bordered by an almost white muzzle. Organic or low-input dairy production may have special interest in crossbreeding if hybrid vigor reduces the need for medical intervention or if crossbreds respond better as grazing animals than cows of pure breeds. 3. Wind energy is renewable and clean. The cow has a well-carried udder with strong attachments and neat, small teats. They are kind, gentle animals with cheerful dispositions. 2. The closing of the island herds encouraged the standardization of the islands breeds. Genes determine the way animals look. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age. Three-Breed Rotational Systems with Purebred AI Sires. Although Guernsey milk was far superior in quality, no breed could outstrip the Holstein for gallons of milk per lactation. Need plenty of clean water (40 lts/day). The coat is red or fawn (wheat-coloured), and may or may not be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white. University of Nairobi Farm PO Box 29053-10202 Kabete (The Jersey breed was developed on the neighboring island of Jersey, and the two breeds are related.) 3. 2. On that basis, the Holstein breed is in a formidable position. Inbreeding:Mating of animals more closely related to each other than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. Notes: Her milk has greater nutritional value, plus the highest yield and greater efficiency when processed into cheese and other value-added products. The decrease in fitness that results from such inbreeding is known as inbreeding depression. She is an excellent mother, not only will she feed her calf so well that high weaning weights are attainable, but she guards against predators, and will never allow her calf to get lost in the bush. National study was established in 1963 in Naivasha with the purpose of improving the breed for milk and beef i.e. Guernseys have a calving interval that is comparable to other breeds and can be bred to calve at around two years of age. WebFurther Reading Publications Refereed Papers. Guernseys have had a prominent place in American agriculture, but the breed has fallen into decline in recent decades. WebAdvantages and Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels Advantages: Fossil fuels can generate a large amount of electricity at a single location. Heterosis tends to be most important for lowly heritable traits such as fertility and survival. Boredom. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. All cows and bulls, even the very best bull, in any breed, have genetic traits that could be desirable or undesirable from a farmers perspective. Direct payments are made for protein in many parts of the country. The Jersey, Alderney, and Guernsey CowAn old book in the public domain. Distinct objectives are essential to a breeding plan aiming to improve our livestock breeds for better future profitability such as: 2. Results of a producer survey regarding crossbreeding on US dairy farms. 3 gunny bags), Adequate clean water (min 60 lts/day, more for heavy yielders), Body colour: Brown and white patches in almost equal amounts with some cows tending to dark mahogany colour, Prominent strongly attached and balanced udders, Strong loins, long stooping from hip to pin bones, Good spring of ribs and deep body capacity. The Guernsey is the result of two centuries of continuous breed development and improvement. Copyright 20132023 All rights reserved. Gogar Farm PO Box 6-201080 Rongai This provides an early return on investment. Depending on your goals for breeding animals different breeding techniques can be used. Heterosis alone will not guarantee success in a crossbreeding program. if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); }. The Cancer Fund of America Inc. recently published information stating that "Diets rich in foods containing Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and a precursor of Vitamin A called beta carotene, may reduce the risk of certain cancers". The cheapest way of making sure no inbreeding takes place is to: Genes determine the way animals look - the observable trait. Guernsey owners love the rich personality of their cows. Ayrshire milk is referred as "the ideal drinking milk"; it is not excessively rich, not lacking adequate fat, and it possesses desirable quantities of proteins.Potential yield: 30 litres/day, 4,7% butter fat, depending on feeding and management.Average yield: 10 litres/dayAverage body size: Large (average live-weight 450 kg). However, this will only be useful if management practices such as improved feeding, plenty of fresh water available, and a reliable source of veterinary drugs are available. The Guernsey has been developed over many centuries to become one of the world's leading specialist dairy breeds. Interestingly, it is also just right for making a stable foam in specialty coffees. 4. Nutrition Nature Ability to fatten rapidly either as a beef steer or as a cull cow. Note: Milk production will depend on level of feeding and other management. Fruit The Guernsey is extremely docile. [3]:192, The Guernsey is a dairy breed, and generally is reared for that purpose only. Table comparisons of results of inbreeding/linebreeding and outbreeding. The indigenous breeds are in general more hardy and used to the circumstances, less sensible for diseases and less demanding for quality feed. Traditionally the breed is a good grazer, able to produce on quality pastures, hardy, adaptable to a variety of climates and conditions, and easy to manage. The new stock, a variety of the Normande breed, were also known for large quantities of high-quality milk. Click hereto learn how you can help. ADC Sabwani Complex, PO Box 680 Kitale, Fleckviehhas usually a white head and tail andred (brown) coat, Purpose: Meat and milk productionAverage body size: Large (average live-weight 750 kg)Description: Body color brown andwhite or black and white, 1. As this bull is bred to many females, half of the resultant offspring would now carry the undesired trait possessed by that bull. A breed is a race or variety related by descent and similarity in certain distinguishable characteristics. 1. Sanctury Farm PO Box 244-20177 Naivasha ; Wilkie D A (1991) Ophthalmic procedures and surgery in the standing Butchers in Kenya prefer Borans and their crosses for this reason. For traits displaying a lot of hybrid vigor, backcross performance may decline, depending on additive breed merit of the pure breeds involved. However, a third breed or a backcross to a parent breed must follow the first cross. To increase disease resistance in exotic dairy breeds: Introduction of animals with better resistance to disease such as Boran or Sahiwal will improve the disease resistance of the dairy breeds. Among Zebu breeds the Boran is outstanding in this character. [3]:192 Some cattle evacuated from Alderney during the Second World War were merged into the breed. The U.S. Holstein is a large animal with some calving difficulty issues. What Issues Should Be Considered in Crossbreeding? AIC Documentation Unit, Kenya. Within two years after that, the next generation of crossbred female will be reaching breeding age and decisions regarding her mate will arise.
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